涓�銆�“鍑哄彛杈�(n贸ng)姘戞紒姘�”鏄墦鐮磋タ鏂瑰湅(gu贸)瀹舵妧琛�(sh霉)澹佸鐨勬渶浣抽伕鎿�
鏃╁湪2001骞�4鏈�23鏃ヨ捣锛屾棩鏈斂搴滃氨鏇惧皪(du矛)涓湅(gu贸)灞辨澅澶ц敟銆侀棣欒弴銆佺噲鑺崏瀵�(sh铆)琛岄亷(gu貌)“绶婃�ラ檺鍒堕��(j矛n)鍙ｆ帾鏂�”锛屽嵆闄愬埗閫�(j矛n)鍙ｉ噺浠�?x煤n)?n猫i)鐨勭敘(ch菐n)鍝侀棞(gu膩n)绋呯偤3%鑷�6%锛岃�岃秴閬�(gu貌)閮ㄥ垎鍓囪嫑寰�106%鑷�266%楂橀棞(gu膩n)绋�銆傞�欎竴鍒囨槑妲嶆槑鐐洊鐒剁牬澹炴�уぇ锛屼絾鏄ソ灏�(du矛)浠�锛屽彧瑕侀倓浠ラ鑹诧紝鍚屾ǎ绲︽棩鏈敘(ch菐n)鍝佸鍔犻珮闂�(gu膩n)绋呭嵆鍙�銆傜劧鑰�锛屽湪涓湅(gu贸)鍔犲叆WTO銆佸悇鍦�(gu贸)楂橀棞(gu膩n)绋呭澹樿杩墦鐮翠箣鍚�锛岀編銆佹棩銆佹瓙绛夊湅(gu贸)鏂伴噰鍙栫殑鎶�琛�(sh霉)澹佸锛屽埄鐢ㄦ椹�(y脿n)妾㈢柅楂樻(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鎻愰珮闁�(m茅n)娆�锛屾敂闃讳腑鍦�(gu贸)杈�(n贸ng)妤�(y猫)鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佷簬姝愮編鏃ョ瓑鍦�(gu贸)闁�(m茅n)涔嬪锛屽墖璁撲腑鍦�(gu贸)闈犳柦鍖栬偉鍒烘縺楂樼敘(ch菐n)鐨勮静(n贸ng)鍓敘(ch菐n)鍝佸け鎺変簡鍑哄彛甯傚牬(ch菐ng)绔�(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鍔�銆備緥濡傦細2002骞存垜鍦�(gu贸)鏈�39%鐨勫嚭鍙ｇ敘(ch菐n)鍝侀伃閬囧埌鍦�(gu贸)澶栨妧琛�(sh霉)鎬у澹橀檺鍒讹紝鍏遍�犳垚浜�170鍎勭編鍏冩悕澶�锛屽叾涓湁杩�90%鍑哄彛鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佸爆浜庤静(n贸ng)鍓鍝佸拰鍦熺暅鐢�(ch菐n)鍝�銆傛摎(j霉)绲�(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)锛岀従(xi脿n)鍦ㄥ皪(du矛)鎴戝湅(gu贸)瀵�(sh铆)琛屾妧琛�(sh霉)澹佸鏈�澶氱殑鏄瓙銆佺編銆佹棩绛夊湅(gu贸)锛屽叡鍗犲叏鐞�95%浠ヤ笂銆傚叾涓紝姝愮洘鐐�41%锛涙棩鏈偤30%锛涚編鍦�(gu贸)鐐�24%銆備笂杩板湅(gu贸)瀹堕噰鍙栨妧琛�(sh霉)澹佸涓昏鏂规硶鏄鍔犳鐤爡(xi脿ng)鐩紝鎻愰珮妾㈤(y脿n)妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)绛�銆備緥濡傦細姝愮洘灏�(du矛)涓湅(gu贸)鍑哄彛鐨勭鑲夐��(j矛n)琛岀壒瀹氭(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)妾㈢柅锛屽钩鍧囪不(f猫i)鐢ㄦ瘡鍣歌秴閬�(gu貌)130缇庡厓锛屽崰鍒伴姺(xi膩o)鍞波鍊肩殑7%宸﹀彸锛岄�欏氨鍤�(y谩n)閲嶅墛寮变簡涓湅(gu贸)绂借倝銆佸厰鑲�銆佽渹铚�銆侀瓪(y煤)绯溿�佹按鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佸拰鏄庤啝鍏ラ棞(gu膩n)绔�(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鍔�锛屽緸鑰岄�犳垚涓湅(gu贸)杈�(n贸ng)鐣滄紒鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佹悕澶遍仈(d谩)5鍎勬瓙鍏冦�傚洜姝�锛屼粬绲︿腑鍦�(gu贸)杈�(n贸ng)姘�銆佺墽姘戝拰婕佹皯甯朵締(l谩i)浜嗛洠浜庢姷寰＄殑缍�(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)鎼嶅け銆�
涓婅堪鎶�琛�(sh霉)澹佸瓒婃紨瓒婄儓锛屽繀灏囨渻(hu矛)绲﹂洩涓婂姞闇滅殑涓湅(gu贸)杈�(n贸ng)妤�(y猫)甯朵締(l谩i)娌夐噸鐨勬墦鎿�銆傜郸鏃╁凡缍�(j墨ng)鍚冧簡“鑷ョ碂棣�”鐨勪腑鍦�(gu贸)杈�(n贸ng)姘戝付渚�(l谩i)浜嗘洿鍔犳矇閲嶇殑蹇冪悊璨�(f霉)鎿�(d膩n)銆�
鐪炬墍鍛ㄧ煡鐨勫師鍥�锛岀偤浜嗘墦鐮翠腑鍦�(gu贸)瑷�(j矛)鍔冪稉(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)鏅�(sh铆)鏈熻(b菙)璨煎�掓帥鐨勮静(n贸ng)妤�(y猫)鐧�(f膩)灞曚笉鍚堢悊灞�闈�锛岀偤浜嗛爢鎳�(y墨ng)甯傚牬(ch菐ng)缍�(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)鍋ュ悍鐧�(f膩)灞�锛屼腑澶斂搴滃湪鎺ㄨ鏀归潻閬�(gu貌)绋嬩腑锛岀涓�姝ュ氨鍫�(ji膩n)姹哄竟搴曟敼鎺変簡绯ч瑁�(b菙)璨煎児(ji脿)宸晱(w猫n)椤�銆傜劧鑰�锛屼护涓栫晫涓嶅畨鐨勭編鍦�(gu贸)锛屽湪澶氬勾瀵�(sh铆)琛岃嚜鐢辩(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鍜屽競鍫�(ch菐ng)缍�(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)閬�(gu貌)绋嬩腑锛屽墖鐢ㄦ斂搴滄寚浠ゅ紡鐨勮▓(j矛)鍔冪稉(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)鎵嬫寮�(qi谩ng)琛岀郸缇庡湅(gu贸)杈�(n贸ng)妤�(y猫)澶氶爡(xi脿ng)鏀跨瓥鎬ц(b菙)璨�锛屽緸鑰岄檷浣庝簡绯ч鍍�(ji脿)鏍�锛屾矕鎿婃暣鍊�(g猫)涓栫晫杈�(n贸ng)妤�(y猫)甯傚牬(ch菐ng)銆備緥濡傦細缇庡湅(gu贸)2002骞�5鏈堝嚭鑷�(t谩i)鐨勮静(n贸ng)妤�(y猫)娉曟槑椤彁楂樹簡“杈�(n贸ng)妤�(y猫)璨告”椤嶅害锛屽姞寮�(qi谩ng)浜�“鍥哄畾鐩存帴瑁�(b菙)璨�”銆�“鍙嶅懆鏈熻(b菙)璨�”鎺柦銆傚叾涓皬楹ユ瘡鍏枻璨告鐜囩偤0.103缇庡厓锛屽浐瀹氳(b菙)璨肩巼鐐�0.019缇庡厓锛屽弽鍛ㄦ湡瑁�(b菙)璨肩偤0.142缇庡厓锛堢洰妯�(bi膩o)鍍�(ji脿)鏍硷級銆傜敱浜庣編鍦�(gu贸)灏忛亥銆侀＜鏂欒胺鐗╁拰澶ц眴鐢�(ch菐n)閲忕磩鍗犱笘鐣�25%锛屽嚭鍙ｉ噺鍗犲埌涓栫晫45%锛岀敱浜庢柊鍑鸿嚭(t谩i)杈�(n贸ng)妤�(y猫)娉曟湁鍙兘绐佺牬缇庡湅(gu贸)鍦�WTO鎵胯鐨�191鍎勭編鍏冧笂闄愯(b菙)璨兼寚妯�(bi膩o)锛屾渶绲傚皣鏈�(hu矛)绲︿笘鐣岀厂椋熷児(ji脿)鏍奸�犳垚鍤�(y谩n)閲嶆矕鎿�锛屼娇涓栫晫鐨勭厂椋熷嚭鍙ｅ競鍫�(ch菐ng)璁�?y艒u)妲婄还?gu贸)鐛�(d煤)鍗犻安闋殑鍠倞涓荤京甯傚牬(ch菐ng)銆傞櫎姝や箣澶�锛岄毃钁楁瓙鐩�2004骞存摯(ku貌)澶ф帴绱嶄簡涓澅姝�10鍊�(g猫)杈�(n贸ng)妤�(y猫)鍦�(gu贸)锛屽緸鑰屼娇姝愮洘杈�(n贸ng)妤�(y猫)浜哄彛澧炲姞60%锛岃�曞湴闈㈢⿳澧炲姞浜嗕笁鍒嗕箣涓�锛岀偤姝�锛屾瓙鐩熷皪(du矛)涓澅姝愬湅(gu贸)瀹跺児(ji脿)鏍兼敮鎸佺巼灏囩敱鍔犲叆鍓嶇殑14%鎻愰珮鍒�35%锛岀洿鎺ヨ(b菙)璨煎皣鐢�10%澧炲姞鍒�36%锛屼娇鏉辨瓙杈�(n贸ng)姘戝緸閬�(gu貌)鍘昏静(n贸ng)妤�(y猫)鏀跺叆1675姝愬厓锛屽鍔犲埌4600姝愬厓銆傜洰鍓嶏紝姝愮洘15鍦�(gu贸)姣忓勾杈�(n贸ng)妤�(y猫)璨�(c谩i)鏀胯(b菙)璨肩董鎸佸湪405鍎勬瓙鍏冧箣鍏�(n猫i)锛岃嫢2004骞村悗鍔犱笂涓澅姝�10鍦�(gu贸)鏂颁紮浼达紝灏囨渻(hu矛)姣忓勾瓒呰(b菙)410鍎勬瓙鍏�銆傜敱姝ゅ彲瑕�(ji脿n)锛屾湭渚�(l谩i)涓栫晫杈�(n贸ng)鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佸競鍫�(ch菐ng)璁婂寲灏囨渻(hu矛)灏�(du矛)涓湅(gu贸)杈�(n贸ng)妤�(y猫)鍑哄彛瓒婁締(l谩i)瓒婁笉鍒�銆�
鐐烘锛岄伃鍙楁悕澶辩殑涓湅(gu贸)杈�(n贸ng)妤�(y猫)锛岄櫎浜嗗挤(qi谩ng)鐑堣姹傜編姝愮瓑鍦�(gu贸)鏀垮簻娓涘皯杈�(n贸ng)妤�(y猫)瑁�(b菙)璨兼斂绛栦箣澶栵紝涓湅(gu贸)涔熻閬╂檪(sh铆)瑾�(di脿o)鏁磋静(n贸ng)妤�(y猫)鐧�(f膩)灞曟埌(zh脿n)鐣�锛岄毃鏅�(sh铆)鎳�(y墨ng)寰″姞鍏�WTO涔嬪悗鏂板舰鍕�(sh矛)璁婂寲甯朵締(l谩i)鐨勬寫鎴�(zh脿n)銆�
寰炲ぇ杈�(n贸ng)妤�(y猫)鑰冩叜鍟�(w猫n)椤�锛岃嚦浠婁腑鍦�(gu贸)鐨勬紒妤�(y猫)鐢熺敘(ch菐n)浠嶇劧灞簬鍦�(gu贸)瀹惰静(n贸ng)妤�(y猫)閮ㄥ垎绠�銆傜敱浜庤繎骞翠締(l谩i)涓栫晫鍚勫湅(gu贸)瀵�(sh铆)琛屼簡200娴烽噷缍�(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)灏�(zhu膩n)灞崁(q奴)绠″埗锛屽洜姝ら�犳垚浜嗕笘鐣屼笂鏈�澶ф紒妤�(y猫)鍦�(gu贸)——涓湅(gu贸)鎵�鎿佹湁鐨�100澶氳惉(w脿n)婕佹キ(y猫)浜哄彛鍜�11钀�(w脿n)姊濇紒鑸规矑(m茅i)浜嗗嚭璺�銆傛湁浜鸿(shu艒)锛岄�欓爡(xi脿ng)涓栫晫鍏磩鐨勬寮忓(sh铆)鏂�锛岀瓑浜庢妸鏈夎憲骞惧崈骞村偝绲�(t菕ng)婕佸牬(ch菐ng)鐨勪腑鍦�(gu贸)鍌崇当(t菕ng)婕佹キ(y猫)閫间笂浜嗘璺�銆傛湁浜涚偤浜嗚瑎鐢熺殑涓湅(gu贸)娌挎捣婕佹皯锛屼笉椤ч仌鍙嶅湅(gu贸)闅涙硶甯朵締(l谩i)鐨勬捣涓婄尘绱涚瓑澶栦氦浜嬩欢锛岀鑷埌宸插爆浜庡垾鍦�(gu贸)缍�(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)灏�(zhu膩n)灞崁(q奴)鍦版柟鎵撴紒銆傜洰鍓�锛岀偤浜嗘笡灏戜腑鍦�(gu贸)娌挎捣婕佹皯鍑烘捣锛岀偤浜嗙郸娓涚敘(ch菐n)鐨勪腑鍦�(gu贸)婕佹皯鎵惧埌鏂扮殑鍑鸿矾锛屾部娴峰湴鍗�(q奴)鏀垮簻琚揩閲囧彇鑷鎬ф帾鏂藉挤(qi谩ng)浠ゆ紒姘戞媶姣�浜�3钀�(w脿n)澶氭婕佽埞锛屽苟涓斿嫊(d貌ng)鍝″嵆灏囧湪娴锋磱婕佸牬(ch菐ng)涓婂け妤�(y猫)鐨�30澶氳惉(w脿n)婕佹皯鐧婚櫢涓婂哺鎷块嫟闋(xu茅)绋敯锛岄�欐ǎ渚跨郸鏈締(l谩i)涓嶅牚閲嶈肠鐨勪腑鍦�(gu贸)閬�(gu貌)鍓╄静(n贸ng)妤�(y猫)甯朵締(l谩i)鏂扮殑璨�(f霉)鎿�(d膩n)锛岄�欐ǎ鍋氫篃绛変簬鍦ㄥ瘜浣欑殑2鍎勮静(n贸ng)鏉戝嫗鍕�(d貌ng)鍔涜韩涓婂鎾掍簡涓�鎶婇菇銆�
鐐烘锛屾垜鍊戣绲�(t菕ng)绫岃�冩叜锛屽皣绗竴鎵逛笅浠よ鎷嗙殑3钀�(w脿n)澶氭婕佽埞淇濈暀涓嬩締(l谩i)锛屽皣鏀垮簻璨�(c谩i)鏀胯(b菙)璨肩殑閷�(qi谩n)鐧�(f膩)绲﹀嵆灏囪稌涓婂哺鐨勬紒姘�锛岄紦鍕�(l矛)骞姪浠栧�戝埌鎬ラ渶婕佽埞鍜屾紒姘戠殑宄跺湅(gu贸)鐧�(f膩)灞曘��
鏇村鏂囩珷锛�
鍙や唬涓湅(gu贸)鍏ㄧ悆鍑烘搳鐨勫崈骞村洖椤�
鏃ユ湰鏄庢不缍柊瀹氫笅浜嗗叏鐞冨嚭鎿婃埌(zh脿n)鐣�
鍗板害浣涙墜閬嶅ぉ涓�
绌嗘柉鏋楀叏鐞冨嚭鎿婄殑杓濈厡姝峰彶